Life in the UK 考试词汇表

A system of government where the people have the power to choose their leaders through free and fair elections.

一种政府制度，人民有权通过自由公正的选举选择领导人。

The principle that no one is above the law, including the government and the monarch. Everyone must obey the law.

没有人凌驾于法律之上的原则，包括政府和君主。每个人都必须遵守法律。

The right to freedom of thought, speech, and expression, as long as it does not break the law or harm others.

思想自由、言论自由和表达自由的权利，前提是不违法或伤害他人。

Accepting that other people may have different views, beliefs, and ways of life, and treating them with respect.

接受他人可能有不同的观点、信仰和生活方式，并以尊重的态度对待他们。

A civic duty where citizens are called to serve on a jury in a court of law to help decide whether someone is guilty or not guilty.

一种公民义务，公民被传召在法庭上担任陪审员，帮助判定被告有罪或无罪。

The country made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的国家。

The island made up of England, Scotland, and Wales. It does not include Northern Ireland.

由英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成的岛屿。不包括北爱尔兰。

The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. They are not part of the UK but have a special relationship with the Crown.

海峡群岛和马恩岛。它们不是英国的一部分，但与王室有特殊关系。

A saint who is regarded as the special guardian or protector of a country, place, or group. Each UK nation has its own patron saint.

被视为某个国家、地方或团体特别守护者的圣人。英国四个国家各有自己的守护圣人。

The Scottish New Year celebration, held on 31 December. It is one of the biggest celebrations in Scotland.

苏格兰新年庆典，在12月31日举行。这是苏格兰最盛大的庆典之一。

The official currency of the United Kingdom, abbreviated as GBP and symbolised by £.

英国的官方货币，缩写为GBP，符号为£。

Celebrated on 5 November with bonfires and fireworks, commemorating the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

11月5日以篝火和烟花庆祝，纪念1605年失败的火药阴谋。

A day on 11 November to remember those who died in wars. People wear red poppies as a symbol of remembrance.

11月11日纪念在战争中牺牲者的日子。人们佩戴红色罂粟花作为纪念标志。

A prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, southern England. It was built in several stages over about 1,500 years and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

位于英格兰南部威尔特郡的史前遗迹。分多个阶段建造，历时约1500年，是世界文化遗产。

A wall built by the Romans on the orders of Emperor Hadrian to mark the northern frontier of the Roman Empire in Britain.

罗马人根据哈德良皇帝的命令修建的长城，标示罗马帝国在不列颠的北部边界。

Peoples from northern Europe (modern-day Denmark and Germany) who settled in England after the Romans left around AD 410.

来自北欧（现在的丹麦和德国）的民族，在公元410年左右罗马人离开后定居在英格兰。

Seafaring warriors from Denmark and Norway who raided and later settled in parts of Britain from the 8th century.

来自丹麦和挪威的航海战士，从8世纪开始袭击并定居在不列颠部分地区。

The invasion of England by William, Duke of Normandy, in 1066, following his victory at the Battle of Hastings.

1066年诺曼底公爵威廉入侵英格兰，在黑斯廷斯战役中获胜后征服英格兰。

A charter signed in 1215 by King John that established the principle that the king was subject to the law.

1215年由约翰国王签署的宪章，确立了国王受法律约束的原则。

A comprehensive survey of land and property in England, ordered by William the Conqueror in 1086.

1086年征服者威廉下令对英格兰所有土地和财产进行的全面调查。

A devastating plague that reached England in 1348 and killed approximately a third of the population.

1348年到达英格兰的毁灭性瘟疫，导致约三分之一的人口死亡。

Civil wars (1455–1485) between the House of Lancaster (red rose) and the House of York (white rose) for the English throne.

1455-1485年兰开斯特家族（红玫瑰）和约克家族（白玫瑰）争夺英格兰王位的内战。

The established church of England, created when Henry VIII broke with Rome. The monarch is the head of the Church.

英格兰的确立教会，因亨利八世与罗马教廷决裂而创建。君主是教会的领袖。

A large fleet of Spanish ships defeated by the English navy in 1588, during the reign of Elizabeth I.

1588年伊丽莎白一世统治时期被英国海军击败的西班牙大型舰队。

The largely peaceful overthrow of King James II in 1688, when William of Orange was invited to become king.

1688年基本和平地推翻詹姆斯二世国王，奥兰治的威廉受邀成为国王。

A law passed in 1689 that confirmed the rights of Parliament and limited the powers of the monarch.

1689年通过的法律，确认了议会的权利并限制了君主的权力。

A period of rapid industrial growth that began in Britain in the 18th century, transforming society from agricultural to industrial.

18世纪在英国开始的快速工业化时期，将社会从农业转变为工业社会。

Women who campaigned for the right to vote, led by Emmeline Pankhurst. Women over 30 gained the vote in 1918.

争取女性投票权的妇女运动者，由埃米琳·潘克赫斯特领导。30岁以上女性在1918年获得投票权。

National Health Service. Established in 1948 to provide free healthcare at the point of use for all UK residents.

国民健康服务体系。1948年建立，为所有英国居民在使用时提供免费医疗服务。

A voluntary association of 54 countries, many of which were once part of the British Empire.

由54个国家组成的自愿联合组织，其中许多曾是大英帝国的一部分。

A system where the government provides services like healthcare, pensions, and unemployment benefits. Proposed by the Beveridge Report in 1942.

政府提供医疗、养老金和失业救济等服务的制度。由1942年的贝弗里奇报告提议。

The most famous tennis tournament in the world, held at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in London.

世界上最著名的网球锦标赛，在伦敦全英草地网球俱乐部举行。

An annual series of classical music concerts held at the Royal Albert Hall in London, organized by the BBC.

每年在伦敦皇家阿尔伯特音乐厅举办的古典音乐会系列，由BBC组织。

A prestigious contemporary art prize named after the British painter JMW Turner.

以英国画家JMW特纳命名的著名当代艺术奖。

A celebration on 25 January honouring the Scottish poet Robert Burns, featuring haggis and poetry recitation.

1月25日纪念苏格兰诗人罗伯特·伯恩斯的庆典，包括吃哈吉斯和朗诵诗歌。

The first effective antibiotic, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.

第一种有效的抗生素，由亚历山大·弗莱明在1928年发现。

The UK's legislature, consisting of the House of Commons (elected) and the House of Lords (appointed/hereditary).

英国的立法机构，由下议院（选举产生）和上议院（任命/世袭）组成。

The elected lower house of the UK Parliament. MPs represent constituencies and debate/vote on laws.

英国议会的民选下院。国会议员代表选区并就法律进行辩论和投票。

The upper house of the UK Parliament. Members are not elected but are appointed (life peers) or inherit their position (hereditary peers).

英国议会的上院。成员不是选举产生的，而是被任命（终身贵族）或继承职位（世袭贵族）。

The head of the UK government, usually the leader of the party that wins the most seats in a general election.

英国政府首脑，通常是在大选中赢得最多席位的政党的领导人。

A group of about 20 senior ministers chosen by the Prime Minister to run major government departments.

由首相选择的约20名资深大臣组成的团体，负责管理重要的政府部门。

A geographical area represented by one Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons.

由一名国会议员（MP）在下议院中代表的地理区域。

The electoral system used for UK general elections, where the candidate with the most votes in each constituency wins.

英国大选使用的选举制度，每个选区中得票最多的候选人获胜。

The transfer of some powers from central government at Westminster to regional governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

将部分权力从威斯敏斯特的中央政府转移到苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰的地方政府。

A system of government where the monarch is the head of state but their powers are limited by a constitution and Parliament.

一种政府制度，君主是国家元首但其权力受宪法和议会限制。

The system of courts and judges that interprets and applies the law. It is independent of the government.

解释和适用法律的法院和法官系统。它独立于政府。

A 1998 Act that incorporated the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law.

1998年通过的法律，将《欧洲人权公约》纳入英国法律。

A 2010 Act that protects people from discrimination based on 9 protected characteristics.

2010年通过的法律，保护人们免受基于9种受保护特征的歧视。

The highest court in the UK, established in 2009. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases.

英国的最高法院，2009年成立。它是所有民事和刑事案件的最终上诉法院。

The person who chairs debates and maintains order in the House of Commons. The Speaker must be politically impartial.

主持辩论和维持下议院秩序的人。议长必须在政治上保持中立。